NPRE 435: Principles of Imaging
with Ionizing Radiation
Fall, 2008
Course Description
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Basic contents:
This course covers basic concepts and techniques for radiological imaging.
These include radiation interactions, detection techniques, data acquisition
schemes, basics on data processing methods. Special emphasis will be placed on
biomedical applications. Several commonly used imaging modality including
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Special seminar(s): This course includes one (or two) special seminars (90min. each),
given by Professor Chin-Tu, Chen from the University Of Chicago Medical School.
These lectures will be focused on medical applications of imaging techniques
based on ionizing radiation. The title of the lecture is “Nuclear Age, Computed
Tomography, and Image-Guided Therapy”.
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Lab tour: As
part of this course, we will have two lab tours:
(a)
Lab tour to the nuclear imaging facility at the
(b) Lab tour to the MRI facility at the
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Term project:
This project is designed to offer a practical example for procedures and
techniques involved in radiological imaging. This term project will consists of
two parts. The first half involves the development of a data processing using
one of the iterative reconstruction techniques taught in this class and test it
with simulated data. The second half involves the use of the code developed to
process experimental data acquired in the lab tours.
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Exams: There
will be two major exams (Oct. 15 and Dec. 11-13) and two in class quizs (Sept.
17 and Nov. 12) during the semester.
Teaching Staff and Office
Hours
Instructor: Ling-Jian Meng, PhD. E-mail: ljmeng@uiuc.edu; Office:
111E Talbot Lab; Tel: 217-3337710.
Office Hours: Friday, 3:30~5:00pm at 111E Talbot Lab,
or by prior appointment.
Teaching Assistant: TBN.
Lecture Time and Place
MWF
2:00pm-2:50pm; Room 203 NEL.
Prerequisites
Officially: NPRE 446
Unofficially:
radiation interactions, basic principles of radiation detectors, probability
and random variables complex numbers, linear algebra, Matlab.
Textbook
Required textbooks
[1]
Medical Imaging Signals and Systems, J. Prince and J.
M. Links, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.
[2]
Foundations of Medical Imaging, Z. H. Cho, John Wiley & Sons, 1993.
Additional textbooks
[3]
Radiation Detection and Measurements, Third Edition, G. F. Knoll, John Wiley
& Sons, 1999.
Recourses
General
Information
Course Website:
Lecture
Notes (will be posted after each lecture)
Chapter 1: Radiation Sources and
Radiation Interactions
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Radiation
Sources: 08-25-08
& 08-27-08, Reading Material: Chapters 1 in Ref. book [3].
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Radiation
Interactions, 08-29-08
& 090308, Reading Material: Chapters 2 in Ref. book [3].
Chapter 2: Mathematical Preliminaries
for Image Processing
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Signals
and Systems: 09-05-08
& 09-08-08, Reading Material: Chapters 2 in Ref. book [1].
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Fourier
Transform and Sampling: 09-10-08,
09-15-08, &09-17-08, Reading Material: Chapters 2 in Ref. book [1] and
Chapters 2 in Ref. book [2].
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Analytical
Image Reconstruction Methods: 09-19-08,
09-22-08, (1) – Radon Transform & Central Slice Theorem:
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Analytical
Image Reconstruction Methods: 09-24-08,
09-26-08 (2) – Back-projection based reconstruction methods:
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Matlab
Introduction and Examples: 09-29-08.
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Iterative
Image Reconstruction Methods:
09-29-08, 10-01-08, 10-03-08 & 10-06-08, please also see attached paper
by Shepp and Vardi on MLEM.
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Image
Quality (1): Reading Material: Chapters 3 in Ref. book [2].
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Image
Quality (2):This is the complete lecture note for the Image Quality section.
Reading Material: Chapters 3 in Ref. book [2]
Additional Material for Chapter 2
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Proof of the
mean of Binomial Distribution.
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Scanned Chapter 6 of J. Prince’s
textbook (This is strictly for those who do not have access to a paper copy
of the text book).
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A brief introduction to Matlab.
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A classic paper on Maximum Likelihood
Expectation Maximization (MLEM) reconstruction by Shepp and Vardi. One of
the most referenced paper on the very popular reconstruction method. A bit
technical but worth reading through!
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A
hand written derivation of the impulse-response-function of simple
back-projection reconstruction.
Chapter 3: X-ray Radiography and
Computed Tomography
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X-Ray
Physics (1):X-ray generation: Reading Material: Chapters 4 & 5 in Ref. book
[2]
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X-Ray
Physics (2):X-ray interaction, attenuation and practical considerations.
Reading Material: Chapters 4 & 5 in Ref. book [2]
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X-Ray
Physics (3):X-ray Detectors. Reading Material: Chapters 4 & 5 in Ref. book
[2]
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X-Ray
Image Formation: Reading Material: Chapters 5 in Ref. book [2]. Note that the
notations used in lecture notes may be different from those used in the text
book.
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SNR
of X-Ray Images: Reading Material: Chapters 5 in Ref. book [2].
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Additional Material for Chapter 3
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Statistical distribution of a cascade
of Poisson process followed by a Binomial distribution.
Chapter 4: Emission Tomography and
Related Imaging Techniques
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Single
Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) (1): Principle, Radio-nuclides and
Detector Technologies: Reading Material: Chapters 7 & 8 in Ref. book [2].
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Single
Photon Emission Computed Tomography (2): Detector Technologies and System
Consideration for Gamma Cameras: Reading Material: Chapters 7 & 8 in Ref.
book [2].
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Single
Photon Emission Computed Tomography (3 & 4) SPECT systems, Image Formation,
Design Considerations and Recent Advances: Reading Material: Chapters 7 & 8
in Ref. book [2].
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Single
Photon Emission Computed Tomography (5) Design Considerations, Recent Advances
and Multiplexing Apertures: Reading Material: Chapters 7 & 8 in Ref. book
[2].
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Positron
Emission Tomography (PET) Basic Principle, Instrumentations, Design
Considerations and Clinical Uses: Additional Reading Material: Chapters 9 in
Ref. book [2].
Additional Material for Chapter 4
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Several
early publications on coded aperture imaging by Fenimore et, al [1][2]. These publications
covers the contents not described in the lecture, which include the basic
concept, applications, decoding methods and aperture design aspects for coded
aperture imaging.
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A
brief note by Les Rogers and Neal Clinthorne from the University of Michigan on
Compton imaging with application on medical imaging. This note is published in
Emission Tomography, edited by M. N. Wernick and John Aarsvold, Elsevier
Academic Press, 2005. The attached photocopy of the note is strictly indented
for this class only.
Chapter 5: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI)
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Basic
Physics of NMR (1): Reading Material: Chapters 12 in Ref. book [2].
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Basic
Physics of NMR (2): Reading Material: Chapters 12 in Ref. book [2].
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MRI
Basic (1): Reading Material: Chapters 13 in Ref. book [2].
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MRI
Basic (2): Reading Material: Chapters 13 in Ref. book [2].
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MRI
Basic (3): Reading Material: Chapters 13 in Ref. book [2].
Homework (will be posted after each
Monday’s lecture)
Homework 1, Due date:
09-10-08, 5pm. Solution.
Homework
2, Due date: 09-22-08, 5pm.
Solution.
Homework
3, Due date: 09-29-08, 5pm. Solution
Homework
4, Here is the Matlab code
for use in this homework. Due date: 10-06-08, 5pm.
Mid-term Exam Information
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Mid-term exam
will be held in class on Oct. 15.
Final Information
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To be announced
Grading
Homework 30%
Term project: 20%
Mid-term exam: 20%
Final: Exam 30% (date TBA, towards end)
Scores may be standardized before computing the
final score if the means and standard deviations vary substantially.
Term Project
TBN